Used to control seizures in children with epilepsy or neurological disorders (e.g., levetiracetam [Keppra], valproic acid [Depakote]).

Used to treat ADHD and help improve focus and attention (e.g., methylphenidate [Ritalin], amphetamine [Adderall]).

Help manage depression and anxiety disorders in children (e.g., fluoxetine [Prozac], sertraline [Zoloft]).

These are the most well-known type of seizures. They usually start with a sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of the body (tonic phase), followed by rhythmic jerking (clonic phase). The person may bite their tongue, drool, or lose bladder control. Afterward, they’re often confused and very tired.

Common in children, absence seizures cause brief “staring spells” that last only a few seconds. The child may seem to be daydreaming, blink rapidly, or stop talking mid-sentence. There’s no fall or convulsion, and the child usually resumes activity right after.

These cause quick, shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles — like a sudden jolt. They often happen shortly after waking up and may occur in clusters. The person stays conscious but may drop objects or spill drinks.