🌈 SSRIs – Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors


What they are:

SSRIs are a group of antidepressant medicines that increase serotonin – a brain chemical that helps regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, and appetite. They’re often first-line medicationsfor children and teens with depression, anxiety, or OCD.


Common examples:

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)

• Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Escitalopram (Lexapro)

• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)


What they’re used for in kids & teens 🧒

• Major depressive disorder

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• Some forms of anxiety (social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic) – even when not formally FDA-approved, they’re commonly used based on evidence.


How they work (easy version):

Serotonin gets released between brain cells to carry messages. Normally, extra serotonin gets “recycled” quickly. SSRIs block the recycling pump, so serotonin hangs around longer and has a stronger, steadier effect – which can lift mood and calm anxiety over a few weeks.


How common are they? 📊

• About 4.8% of U.S. adolescents (ages 12–19) take an antidepressant.

• Four SSRIs (fluoxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, fluvoxamine) and one SNRI (duloxetine) have at least one pediatric FDA indication for depression, OCD, or generalized anxiety.


Typical benefits families notice 🌷

• Less constant worry or sadness

• Better ability to enjoy activities again

• Improved sleep and appetite

• Less compulsive checking or washing in OCD


Common side effects (usually mild & early):

• Nausea or stomach upset

• Headache

• Trouble falling asleep or feeling a bit tired

• Increased restlessness for some kids at the beginning


Important safety note ⚠️

SSRIs carry an FDA “black box” warning about a possible small increase in suicidal thoughts in children, teens, and young adults – especially in the first weeks or when the dose changes.

Because of this, doctors monitor closely with regular check-ins. For many kids, the benefit of treating depression/anxiety outweighs the risk, but families should always know what to watch for and who to call.


References (SSRIs):

• Dwyer, J. B., et al. (2019). Antidepressants for pediatric patients. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics.

• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2014). Antidepressant Medications: Use in Pediatric Patients.

• Mayo Clinic. (2024). Antidepressants for children and teens.